The product of the 1899 Hague Peace Conference, the Permanent Court of Arbitration was formally established by the 1899 Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (“1899 Convention”), as revised by the 1907 Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes (“1907 Convention”, together with the 1899 Convention, the “Founding Conventions”). Although the PCA’s initial activity principally concerned the settlement of disputes involving only States, through arbitration and other peaceful means such as conciliation, mediation, and fact-finding, the Founding Conventions established a flexible framework. Over time, the PCA’s Contracting Parties, in keeping with the changing needs of dispute resolution at the international level, have interpreted the institution’s mandate to include dispute involving various combinations of States, State entities, international organizations, and private parties.
This Research Guide is intended as a starting point for research on the Permanent Court of Arbitration. It provides the basic legal materials available in the Peace Palace Library, both in print and electronic format. Handbooks, leading articles, bibliographies, periodicals, serial publications and documents of interest are presented in the Selective Bibliography section. Links to the PPL Catalogue are inserted. The Library's subject heading (keyword) Permanent Court of Arbitration is instrumental for searching through the Catalogue. Special attention is given to our subscriptions on databases, e-journals, e-books and other electronic resources. Finally, this Research Guide features links to relevant websites and other online resources of particular interest.
Sources of international law
Treaties
- Cour Permanente d'Arbitrage: documents de base: conventions, règlements, clauses types et directives, Édition 2005, La Haye, Cour Permanente d'Arbitrage, 2005.
- Permanent Court of Arbitration: Basic Documents: Conventions, Rules, Model Clauses and Guidelines, 2005 Edition, The Hague, Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2005.
Instruments of the Court can be found in electronic form on the PCA website
- PCA Arbitration Rules
- PCA Mediation/Conciliation Rules
- PCA Fact-finding Commissions of Inquiry Rules
- PCA Founding Conventions and Internal Rules
- Other Conventions and Rules
- Instruments reffering to the PCA
Case-law
- Les travaux de la Cour Permanente d'Arbitrage de La Haye: recueil de ses sentences, accompagnées de résumés des différentes controverses, des compromis d'arbitrage et d'autres documents soumis à la cour et aux commissions internationales d'enquête en conformité des conventions de 1899 et de 1907 pour le règlement pacifique des conflits internationaux, avec une introduction de James Brown Scott, New York, Oxford University Press, 1921.
- MacMahon, B. and F.C. Smith (eds), Permanent Court of Arbitration: Summaries of Awards 1999-2009, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2010.
- The South China Sea Arbitration (The Republic of the Philippines v The People's Republic of China): Part 2: Award (12 July 2016), The Hague, Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2019.
- The South China Sea Arbitration (The Republic of the Philippines v The People's Republic of China): Part 1: Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility (29 October 2015), The Hague, Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2019.
- The Chagos Marine Protected Area Arbitration (Mauritius v United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland): Award of 18 March 2015, The Hague, Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2017.
- The Indus Waters Kishenganga Arbitration (Pakistan v India): Record of Proceedings (2010-2013); with an Introduction by Professor John R. Crook, The Hague, Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2014.
- The Abyei Arbitration (The Government of Sudan/The Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army): Final Award of 2009; with an Introduction by Vaughan Lowe and Antonios Tzanakopoulos, The Hague, Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2012.
- The Guyana/Suriname Arbitration Award of 2007; with an Introduction by Judge Peter Tomka, The Hague, Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2012.
- The MOX Plant Case (Ireland v. United Kingdom): Record of the Proceedings 2001-2008; with an Introduction by Nico Schrijver, The Hague, Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2010.
- The Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Arbitration Award of 2006; with an introduction by Bernard Oxman, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009.
- The OSPAR Arbitration (Ireland-United Kingdom) Award of 2003; with an introduction by Daniel Bodansky, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2009.
- The Rhine Chlorides Arbitration concerning the Auditing of Accounts (Netherlands-France): Award of 2004 = L'Arbitrage "protection du Rhin contre les chlorures" concernant l'apurement des comptes (Pays-Bas-France): sentence de 2004; with an introduction by, avec une introduction de Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2008.
- The Iron Rhine (IJzeren Rijn) Arbitration (Belgium-Netherlands) Award 2005 = L'arbitrage du "Rhin de Fer" (Belgique-Pays-Bas): sentence de 2005; with an introduction, avec une introduction de Colin Warbrick, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007.
- The Bank for International Settlements Arbitration Awards of 2002 and 2003 = L'arbitrage concernant la banque des règlements internationaux sentences de 2002 et 2003; with an introduction by V.V. Veeder, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007.
- MacMahon, B. and Smith, F.C. (eds), Permanent Court of Arbitration: Summaries of Awards 1999-2009, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2010.
- Permanent Court of Arbitration Award Series, The Hague, T.C.M. Asser Press; Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2005-.
- Reports of International Arbitral Awards = Recueil des sentences arbitrales, Nations Unies, New York, United Nations, 1948-.
All case-law of the Court can be found in electronic form on the PCA website
Reference works
- Daly, B.W. (et al.), A Guide to the PCA Arbitration Rules, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014.
- Hamilton, P. (ed.), The Permanent Court of Arbitration: International Arbitration and Dispute Resolution: Summaries of Awards, Settlement Agreements and Reports, The Hague, Kluwer Law International, 1999.
- Indlekofer, M., International Arbitration and the Permanent Court of Arbitration, Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2013
- International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), International Alternative Dispute Resolution: Past, Present and Future: the Permanent Court of Arbitration Centennial Papers, The Hague, Kluwer Law International, 2000.
- Kalicki, J. and Raouf, M.A. (eds), with the Assistance of the Permanent Court of Arbitration, Evolution and Adaptation: the Future of International Arbitration, Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2020.
- Rosenne, S. (réunis et présentés par), Les Conférences de la Paix de La Haye de 1899 et 1907 et l'Arbitrage international: Actes et Documents, Bruxelles, Bruylant; T.M.C. Asser Press, 2007.
- Rosenne, S. (ed.), The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907 and International Arbitration: Reports and Documents, The Hague, T.M.C. Asser Press, 2001.
All publications of the Court can be found in electronic form on the PCA website
- PCA Award Series
- Mauritius International Arbitration Conference
- Mass Claims and Multiparty Arbitration
- Peace Palace Papers Series
- ICCA Publications
- Other Publications
- Annual Reports
- Reports to UN Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
Selected books and articles
- Banerjee, R., “The Kishanganga Dispute and the Partial Award Rendered by the Permanent Court of Arbitration: What it Means for India?”, GNLU Journal of Law, Development and Politics, 5 (2015), No. 1, pp. 51-63.
- Banerji, G., P. Nair, G.P. Poothicote and A. Ambast (eds), International Arbitration and the Rule of Law: Essays in Honour of Fali Narsiman, The Hague, International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), 2021.
- Becker, M.A., and C. Rose, “Investigating the Value of Site Visits in Inter-State Arbitration and Adjudication”, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 8 (2017), No. 2, pp. 219-249.
- Daly, B.W., "Balancing Private Rights and Public Order in Investor-State Arbitration: the PCA Experience", The American Review of International Arbitration, 30 (2019), No. 1, pp. 35-65.
- Dupeyre, R., “The Paris Arbitration Rules: A New Kind of Ad Hoc Arbitration Rules for Sophisticated Users of International Arbitration”, Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem, 11 (2014), No. 44, pp. 84-99.
- Eynard, M, La Cour permanente d'arbitrage: vers une reconquête de sa place originelle?, Paris, Connaissances et Savoirs, 2016.
- Falls, S., "Outsourcing FTA Dispute Settlement Administration to Third-Party International Arbitral Institutions: Opportunities and the Role of the Permanent Court of Arbitration", Law & Practice of International Courts & Tribunals, 19 (2020), No. 1, pp. 49-78.
- Frohloff, J., "Per arbitrum ad astra", Journal of international arbitration, 37 (2020), No. 6, pp. 721-729.
- Grimmer, S., “The Determination of Arbitrator Challenges by the Secretary-General of the Permanent Court of Arbitration”, in C. Giorgetti (ed.), Challenges and Recusals of Judges and Arbitrators in International Courts and Tribunals, Leiden, Brill Nijhoff, 2015, pp. 80-114.
- Hout, T.T. van den, "Resolution of International Disputes: the Role of the Permanent Court of Arbitration- Reflections on the Centenary of the 1907 Convention for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes", Leiden Journal of International Law, 21 (2008), No. 3, pp. 643-661.
- Jorritsma, R., “National Groups (Permanent Court of Arbitration)”, Max Planck Institute Luxembourg Working Paper Series, No. 8, 2017.
- Kurlekar, A., “Space - The Final Frontier: Analysing Challenges of Dispute Resolution Relating to Outer Space”, Journal of International Arbitration, 33 (2016), No. 4, pp. 379-416.
- Li, Yanying, and C.M. Ng, “More in 2013 than Ever Before: Inter-State and Investor-State Arbitrations at the Permanent Court of Arbitration”, Hague Yearbook of International Law, 26 (2013), pp. 496-515, 2014.
- Mamolea, A., “Saving Face: the Political Work of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (1902-1914)”, in: Rasilla, I. de la, and J.E. Viñuales (eds.), Experiments in International Adjudication: Historical Accounts, Cambridge, Cambidge University Press, 2019, pp 193-210.
- Marsman, A., International Arbitration in the Netherlands, with a Commentary on the NAI and PCA Arbitration Rules, Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2021.
- Meshel, T., “The Croatia v. Slovenia Arbitration: The Silver Lining”, Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, 16 (2017), No. 2, pp. 288-306.
- Pislevik, S., "Law Without Gravity: Arbitrating Space Disputes at the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the Relevance of Adverse Inferences", Journal of Space Law, 43 (2019), No. 2, pp. 280-308.
- Ratliff, D.P., “The PCA Optional Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to Natural Resources and/or the Environment”, Leiden Journal of International Law, 14 (2001), No. 4, pp. 887-896.
- Vlaar, S.N., “The PCA, The Hague Courts and the Yukos Case”, in: S. van Hoogstraten (ed.), New Challenges to International Law : A View from The Hague, Leiden, Brill Nijhoff, 2018, pp. 80-99. [e-article]
- Wehberg, H, The Problem of an International Court of Justice (transl. by C.G. Fenwick), Oxford, Clarendon, 1918 (2nd printing, Clark, NJ, The Lawbook Exchange, 2010).
Periodicals, serial publications
The following Annual Reports can be found in electronic form on the PCA website
2021, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017; 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, 1999
- Permanent Court of Arbitration Award Series, The Hague, T.C.M. Asser Press; Permanent Court of Arbitration, 2005-.
- Reports of International Arbitral Awards = Recueil des sentences arbitrales, Nations Unies, New York, United Nations, 1948-.
Bibliographies
- Global Arbitration Review : The database includes access to: news reports on recent disputes; all articles of the journal; an online Q&A resource, called GAR Know-How, which provides practitioners with a reference guide to particular dispute types, i.e., commercial arbitration, construction arbitration, investment treaty arbitration, litigation, and maritime & offshore arbitration: annual regional arbitration reviews: and, four guides, The Guide to Damages in International Arbitration, The Guide to Advocacy, The Guide to Energy Arbitrations, and The Guide to Construction Arbitration (Forthcoming).