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The Martens clause  is named after the Russian diplomat and international law professor Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens (1845-1909), the Russian delegate at the The Hague Peace Conferences in 1899.

But noticeable, cracks had appeared in the façade of unity. The United Kingdom, France and Italy, exhausted by the gruelling trials of war, were eager to enjoy the spoils of war, to rest and rebuild.