International (Commercial) Arbitration is frequently used in commercial, interstate, and foreign investment disputes. This research guide covers arbitration between states and international arbitration between private parties. For international investment arbitration see the Research Guide on Foreign Direct Investment. In 1958 the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards was adopted in New York. It is also called the New York Convention. The New York Convention ensures that the states party to the Convention recognize and enforce international arbitration agreements and foreign arbitral awards issued in other contracting states. The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) adopted in 1985 the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration. This provides a model for states to incorporate in their domestic law. UNCITRAL also published Arbitration Rules which parties can be used by parties before or after a dispute arises, to govern the conduct of arbitration.
This Research Guide is intended as a starting point for research on International (Commercial) Arbitration. It provides the basic legal materials available in the Peace Palace Library, both in print and electronic format. Handbooks, leading articles, bibliographies, periodicals, serial publications and documents of interest are presented in the Selective Bibliography section. Links to the PPL Catalogue are inserted. The Library's subject heading (keyword) International Arbitration and International Commercial Arbitration are instrumental for searching through the Catalogue. Special attention is given to our subscriptions on databases, e-journals, e-books and other electronic resources. Finally, this Research Guide features links to relevant websites and other online resources of particular interest.
Sources of international law
Treaties
- Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 10 June 1958).
- Fach Gómez, K. and López-Rodríguez, A.M. (eds.), 60 Years of the New York Convention: Key Issues and Future Challenges, Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2019. [e-book]
Case-law
- Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards
- Collection of Procedural Decisions in ICC Arbitration 1993-1996
- Reisman, W.M. (et al.), International Commercial Arbitration: Cases, Materials and Notes on the Resolution of International Business Disputes (2nd ed.), St Paul, MN, Foundation Press, 2015.
- Reports of International Arbitral Awards
UN Declarations and Resolutions
- UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Rules 1976
- UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985 (with amendments as adopted in 2006)
Soft law
- Ashford, P., The IBA rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration: a Guide, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
- Ashford, P., The IBA guidelines on Party Representation in International Arbitration: a Guide, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
- CIArb Protocol for the Use of Party-Appointed Expert Witnesses in International Arbitration 2007
- Dasser, F.J., "Soft Law" in International Commercial Arbitration, Pocketbooks of The Hague Academy of International Law = Les livres de poche de l'Académie de Droit international de La Haye, Leiden, Brill| Nijhoff, 2021.
- IBA Rules on the Taking of Evidence in International Arbitration 2010
- Holtzmann, H.M. (et al.), A Guide to the 2006 Amendments to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration : Legislative History and Commentary, Alphen a/d Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2015.
- IBA Guidelines on Conflicts of Interest in International Arbitration 2014
- IBA Guidelines on Party Representation in International Arbitration 2013
- ICC Rules of Arbitration 2012.
- Mangan, M. (et al.), A Guide to the SIAC Arbitration Rules, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014.
- Prague Rules on the Efficient Conduct of Proceedings in International Arbitration 2018
- UNCITRAL Model Arbitration Rules 1976
- UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration 1985 (with amendments as adopted in 2006)
Reference works
- Balthasar, S. (ed.), International Commercial Arbitration: International Conventions, Country Reports and Comparative Analysis - A Handbook, München/Oxford/Baden-Baden, C.H. Beck-Hart-Nomos, 2016.
- Bantekas, I., Ortolani, P., Ali, S., Gómez, M.A. and Polkinghorne, M., UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration: a commentary Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020.
- Born, G.B., International Commercial Arbitration, 3 Volumes, Third Edition, Alphen a/d Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2021.
- Born, G., International Arbitration: Law and Practice, Third Edition, Alphen aan de Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2021.
- Cuniberti, G., The UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration: a Commentary, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2022.
- Ferrari, F., Friedrich Rosenfeld, F. and Kotuby Jr., C.T., Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: a Concise Guide to the New York Convention's Uniform Regime, Cheltenham, UK, Northampton, MA, USA, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2023.
- Gaillard, E., Legal Theory of International Arbitration, Leiden, Nijhoff, 2010.
- Grenig, J.E., International Commercial Arbitration, St. Paul, MN, Thomson Reuters, 2013.
- Gusy, M.F., and J.M Hosking, A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules (2nd ed.), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2019.
- Kolkey, D., Practitioner's Handbook on International Commercial Arbitration, New York, Juris, 2012.
- Moses, M.L., The Principles and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration (3rd ed.), Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
- Paulsson, J., and G. Petrochilos, UNCITRAL Arbitration, Alphen a/d Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2018.
- Rowley, J.W. and B. Siino (eds), Challenging and Enforcing Arbitration Awards Guide, Third Edition, London, Law Business Research Ltd., 2023.
- Rubino-Sammartano, M., Arbitrage international: droit et pratique (2 volumes), Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2019.
- Schultz, T. and Ortino, F. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of International Arbitration, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2020. [e-book]
- Talero Rueda, S., Arbitraje comercial internacional: instituciones básicas y derecho aplicable, Segunda edición, Bogotá D.C., Tirant lo Blanch, 2022.
- Várady, T., International Commercial Arbitration: A Transnational Perspective, St. Paul, West, 2012.
- Waincymer, J., Procedure and Evidence in International Arbitration, Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2012.
- Weigand, F.-B. (ed.), Practitioner's Handbook on International Commercial Arbitration (2nd ed.), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009.
Selected books and articles
- Ahuja, N.G., Taming the Guerrilla in International Commercial Arbitration: Levelling the Playing Field, Singapore, Springer, 2022.
- Amro, I., Online Arbitration in Theory and in Practice: A Comparative Study of Cross-Border Commercial Transactions in Common Law and Civil Law Countries, Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019.
- Astigarraga, J. (ed.),The Guide to International Arbitration in Latin America, London, Law Business Research Ltd, 2022.
- Banerji, G., P. Nair, G.P. Poothicote and A. Ambast (eds), International Arbitration and the Rule of Law: Essays in Honour of Fali Narsiman, The Hague, International Bureau of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), 2021.
- Bermann, G.A., Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: The Interpretation and Application of the New York Convention by National Courts, Cham, Springer, 2017.
- Born, G., International Arbitration and Forum Selection Agreements: Drafting and Enforcing, Sixth edition, Kluwer Law International, 2021. [e-book]
- Brekoulakis, S., “Rethinking Consent in International Commercial Arbitration: A General Theory for Non-signatories”, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 8 (2017), No. 4, pp. 610-643.
- Cartoni, B., “A Rising Star: The Emergency Arbitrator” (January 4, 2016). [PDF]
- Cavalieros, P., and J. Kim, “Emergency Arbitrators Versus the Courts: From Concurrent Jurisdiction to Practical Considerations”, Journal of International Arbitration, 35 (2018), No. 3, pp. 275-306.
- Charlotin, D., “A Data Analysis of the Iran - US Claims Tribunal’s Jurisprudence - Lessons for International Dispute-Settlement Today”, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 10 (2019), No. 3, pp. 443-471.
- Conrad, N., International Commercial Arbitration: Standard Clauses and Forms: Commentary, Basel, Helbing Lichtenhahn, 2013.
- Duque, G.G., "The Termination Agreement of Intra-EU Bilateral Investment Treaties: A Spaghetti-Bowl with Fewer Ingredients and More Questions", Journal of international arbitration, 37 (2020), No. 6, pp. 797-826.
- Feehily, R., “Neutrality, Independence and Impartiality in International Commercial Arbitration, A Fine Balance in the Quest For Arbitral Justice”, Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs, 7 (2019), No. 1, pp. 88-114. [e-article]
- Feldman, M., “International Arbitration and Transparency”, Peking University School of Transnational Law Research Paper No. 16-12, 2016. [PDF]
- Franck, S.D. (et al.), “Inside the Arbitrator's Mind", Emory Law Journal, 66 (2017), No. 5, pp. 1115-1174. [PDF]
- Franke, U. (et al.) (eds.), Arbitrating for Peace: How Arbitration Made a Difference, Alphen aan den Rijn, Wolters Kluwer, 2016. [e-book]
- Gaillard, E., “The Emergence of Transnational Responses to Corruption in International Arbitration”, Arbitration International, 35 (2019), No. 1, pp 1-19.
- Hayward, B., Conflict of Laws and Arbitral Discretion: The Closest Connection Test, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2017.
- Hill, J., “Is an Interim Measure of Protection Ordered by an Arbitral Tribunal an Arbitral Award?”, Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 9 (2018), No. 4, pp. 590-608. [e-article]
- Hober, K., International Commercial Arbitration in Sweden (2nd Edition), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2021. [e-book]
- Hodgson, M., and M. Stewart, “Experts in Investor-State Arbitration: The Tribunal as Gatekeeper” Journal of International Dispute Settlement, 9 (2018), No. 3, pp. 453-463.
- Jensen, J.O., Tribunal Secretaries in International Arbitration, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2019.
- Kaplan, N., and M.J. Moser (eds.), Jurisdiction, Admissibility and Choice of Law in International Arbitration: Liber Amicorum Michael Pryles, Alphen a/d Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2018.
- Kodo, M.J.V., Arbitration in Africa under OHADA Rules, Kluwer Law International, 2020.
- Krimphove, D. (hrsg.), bearbeitet von Felix Braun, Ludwig Bull et al., Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit: Perspektiven für die Wirtschaft, Frankfurt am Main, Fachmedien Recht und Wirtschaft, 2022.
- Lohmann, A.M., The arbitrator's discretion in conflict of laws matters: Article 1(1) of the CISG in international arbitration, Baden-Baden, Nomos, 2022. [e-book]
- Najjar, N., Arbitration and International Trade in the Arab Countries, Leiden, Brill Nijhoff, 2018.
- Nottage, L., Ali, S., Jetin, B., and Teramura, N. (eds.), New Frontiers in Asia-Pacific International Arbitration and Dispute Resolution, Alphen aan den Rijn, Kluwer Law International, 2021.
- Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), Multiple Party Actions in International Arbitration, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009.
- Permanent Court of Arbitration (ed.), Redressing Injustices through Mass Claims Processes: Innovative Responses to Unique Challenges, New York; Oxford University Press, 2006.
- Piers, M., and C. Aschauer (eds.), Arbitration in the Digital Age: The Brave New World of Arbitration, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018. [e- book]
- Sasson, M., "Public Policy in International Commercial Arbitration", Journal of International Arbitration, 39 (2022), No. 3, pp. 411-432.
- Schwebel, S.M., Sobota, L. and Manton, R., International Arbitration: Three Salient Problems, Second edition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2021.
- Shaughnessy, P., and S. Tung (eds.), The Powers and Duties of an Arbitrator: Liber Amicorum Pierre A. Karrer, Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, 2017.
- Sim, C., Emergency Arbitration, Oxford, OUP, 2021. [e-book]
- Talmon, S., The South China Sea arbitration: jurisdiction, admissibility, procedure, Leiden, Boston, Brill Nijhoff, 2022. [e-book]
- To, C.W., "Will the Introduction of the Singapore Mediation Convention Put an End to International Arbitration?" Asian dispute review, 21 (2019), No. 4, pp. 164-169.
For all peer-reviewed articles in the PPL Catalogue, click here.
Periodicals, serial publications
- American Review of International Arbitration
- Arbitration International
- Asian International Arbitration Journal
- Collection of ICC Arbitral Awards
- Collection of Procedural Decisions in ICC Arbitration 1993-1996
- Dispute Resolution International
- ICC International Court of Arbitration Bulletin
- ICCA Congress Series
- Ius Comparatum (Open Acces)
- Journal of International Arbitration
- Journal of International Dispute Settlement
- McGill Journal of Dispute Resolution (Open Access)
- Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal (Open Access)
- Revue de l'arbitrage
- Transnational Dispute Management
- Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration
- World Arbitration and Mediation Review
- World Trade and Arbitration Materials
- Yearbook Commercial Arbitration
Bibliographies
- Hague Academy of International Law Centre 2020-2021: Applicable Law Issues in International Arbitration
Citation
Roster
- Global Arbitration Review : The database includes access to: news reports on recent disputes; all articles of the journal; an online Q&A resource, called GAR Know-How, which provides practitioners with a reference guide to particular dispute types, i.e., commercial arbitration, construction arbitration, investment treaty arbitration, litigation, and maritime & offshore arbitration: annual regional arbitration reviews: and, four guides, The Guide to Damages in International Arbitration, The Guide to Advocacy, The Guide to Energy Arbitrations, and The Guide to Construction Arbitration (Forthcoming).
- International Chamber of Commerce, ICC Dispute Resolution Library.
- IA Reporter (Investment Arbitration Reporter): Investment Arbitration Reporter is an electronic news service tracking international arbitrations between foreign investors and their host governments.
- Investment Arbitration Reporter: Document Download Repository. This page offers access to selected source materials on investment arbitration, i.e., awards and documents.
- Italaw : Comprehensive and free database on investment treaties, international investment law and all publicly-available investment arbitration awards and documents.
- Kluwer Arbitration Online : A fully-searchable database of primary and secondary materials in the field of International Arbitration and International Commercial Arbitration, with access to full-text downloads of materialsFully. Searching and browsing is quick and simple, as the database has been organized into the following specific arbitration categories: Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), Conventions, Countries, Model Clauses, Legislation, NY Convention Decisions, Organizations and Rules but also e-books, journals and loose-leafs. Each main category is further grouped into the regions Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America and Oceania.
- Oxford Legal Research Library: International Commercial Arbitration [PPL info]
- Oxford Reports on International Investment Claims : Oxford Reports on International Investment Claims offers headnotes and commentaries by practicioners and scholars. The content of the database, approximately 200 cases for the November 2008 launch, is peer-reviewed by an expert editorial board. It also provides translations of key passages for all non-English judgments. The database includes decisions and awards from London Court of International Arbitration, International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes, International Chamber of Commerce, Association of Southeast Asian Nations and Permanent Court of Arbitration.
- Répertoire de droit international: Arbitrage du commerce international – Dominique HASCHER – Janvier 2005 (actualisation: Mars 2020)
- Répertoire de droit commercial / procédure civile: Arbitrage international – Bertrand MOREAU; Éloïse GLUCKSMANN; Pierre FENG – Juin 2016 (actualisation: Octobre 2020)
- TradeLawGuide : provides full-text of official awards, decisions and other WTO documents and .notes up. WTO decisions by tracking how subsequent WTO reports, awards and decisions have considered specific passages in WTO jurisprudence. The database features a citator that collects all jurisprudence under a treaty provision for the WTO system and also offers a treaty interpretation, terms & phrases and other tools. WTO law has been referred to frequently in investor-state arbitrations in various contexts. Tribunals have explicitly found that WTO law is relevant to investor-state arbitration. Therefore the database contains a special section on WTO Law in Investment Arbitration.
- Worldtradelaw.net: legal research database for international trade law issues, providing key WTO/GATT texts and dispute decisions, summaries and analysis. You can search in the index of the World Trade Organization reports and arbitrations, articles on trade law and selected amicus submissions in WTO disputes.
- American Arbitration Association
- Arbitral Institutions and Arbitral Courts (International Arbitration Information by Aceris Law LLC)
- ASIL Guide to Electronic Resources for International Law : International Commercial Arbitration, by Gloria Miccioli
- Australian Centre for International Commercial Arbitration
- Center for Transnational Litigation and Commercial Law
- Chartered Institute of Arbitrators
- Global Arbitration Review
- Institute for Transnational Arbitration
- International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
- International Commercial Arbitration, Cornell University Law Library
- International Commercial Arbitration, Globalex Guide by Susan Gualtier
- International Commercial Arbitration: Resources in Print and Electronic Format
- International Council for Commercial Arbitration
- Investment Arbitration Reporter
- London Court of International Arbitration (LCIA)
- Kluwer Arbitration Blog
- UNCITRAL: International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation, Documents
- WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center